Define the following terms of industrial relations, 1. Employer, 2. Arbitrator, 3. Managing Agent, 4. Partial Disablement, 5. Total Disablement, 6. Co

1. Employer :-

Any person or body of persons or managing agent of an employer or legal representative of the employer with whom the workman has entered into contract of service or apprenticeship is called employer. In other words we can say a person by whom an employee is employed.


2. Arbitrator :-

A person who is appointed by the mutual consent of both the parties to a dispute for the purpose of investigation and settlement of the dispute is called arbitrator.


3. Managing Agent :-

According act, any person appointed or acting as the representative of another person for the purpose of carrying on such other person business or trade is called managing agent.


4. Partial Disablement :-

If the disablement has a temporary nature. It will reduce the earning capacity of a workman. In the other hand if disablement has a permanent nature, it will reduce the earning capacity of the worker for ever. Such disablement reduces his earning capacity in every employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time of accident.


5. Total Disablement :-

It makes the workman completely disable from all work which he was performing at the time of accident. Permanent total disablement means the total loss of both legs or both hands or both eyes.


6. Conciliator :-

He is appointed by the govt. for the purpose of solving the dispute between the trade union and employer making all possible efforts to persuade both the parties to come to a settlement without adopting the legal course of referring the dispute to the labour court.


7. Accident :-

An unlooked for mishaps or event which is not expected or designed by the injured person. Any injury by accident means any injury not expected or designed by the injury workman himself, irrespective of whether or not it was brought about by the wilful act of some one else.


8. Settlement :-

Sometimes during the course of conciliation proceeding employer and his workmen arrive at the agreement and settle the dispute in the absence of conciliator, it is called settlement. The agreement is in writing and signed by the parties. Its copy is forwarded to the conciliator.


9. Industrial Dispute :-

According to industrial act, industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employees or between the workers themselves or the terms of employment or the conditions of work of any person.


10. Lock Out :-

It means closing of place of employment or it means to suspend the work. The work is suspended by the employer. It may be the refusal of the employer to continue the employment of the work. This work may be suspended due to industrial dispute or to compel the workers to accept the terms and conditions of employment. Sometimes the employer suspends the work to support the other employers.


11. Strike :-

It means a close of work by a body of persons where employed in in establishment. They also work in combination and refuse to work under a common understanding. They do strike for the acceptance of their terms and conditions of their employment.


12. Collective Agreement :-

It means an agreement in writing intended to specify the conditions of employment. Generally agreement takes place between the authorized representatives.


13. Establishment :-

Any industrial unit, shop, office or form where workmen are employed for the purpose of carrying any industry is called establishment.


14. Standing Orders :-

It means the orders contained in the schedule read with such modifications if any, as may be made in pursuance of the provisions.


15. Industry :-

Any business, trade, employment, occupation, service and manufacturing is called industry.


16. Award :-

Award means an interim or a final determination of any industrial disputes or of any question relating to these by any labour court, industrial tribunal or by the arbitrator.


17. Workman :-

Any person who is employed in an industry r in an establishment for hire or reward either directly or through contract, whether the terms are expressed or implied.